HEMATURIA

Etiology:

1. Infections: - Glomerulonepritis, TB, UTI, cystitis, prostatitis. Pt presenting with hematuria and recent URI, Adenovirus may be implicated (hemorrhagic cystitis).
    
2. Parenchyma:- membranous GMN, ATN, papillary necrosis
    
3. Drugs / Toxins:- antibiotics, NSAIDs,
    
4. Hematological:- Sickle cell disease, coagulopathy,  platelets, hemophilia,
    
5. Calculi: - in parenchyma or elsewhere,
    
6. Procedures:- cystoscopy, prostatic procedure, Foley insertion,
    
7. Trauma:- direct trauma, exercise, overdistended bladder, Foley,
    
8. Tumor:- benign or malignant
    
9. Vascular:- Aortic dissection, infarct
    

1. Flank pain, fever,  in BP, peripheral edema can all be variably present depending on the etiology

DX:

1. SMA, UA, IVP, CT (non contrast if stones are considered), US, Cystoscope are available to put light on the etiology.

1. While this largely depends on the diagnosis, the ER physician must address the ABCs (VS, Hct, PT/PTT, plt) and assure urinary  flow since clots can induce urinary  retention.

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